Organizing my Emacs config with Org-Babel

In my previous post, I completely redid my emacs configuration from scratch, building it around the use of evil mode and use-package. As I was wrapping up, I learned of yet another emacs package that wil forever change how I maintain my emacs configuration… org-babel.

Org Babel

Org-babel is an emacs package, that lets take an org-mode file, and evaluates all of the code blocks contained within it. This means I can write an annotated org file, filled with emacs-lisp code blocks, and export just the emacs-lisp code. After testing it out, I realized that the main emacs lisp file I use is… my .emacs file…

Setup

Installing babel couldn’t be simpler. If you are running Emacs version 24 or higher, and a current version of Org-mode, Babel is already available by default. In order to generate an .emacs config from an .org file, we need to first setup a config.org file, and then tell .emacs to load it with org-babel.

config.org

First, start by creating an .org file to use for all of the configuration content. This can be named anything, and exist anywhere, but I like to keep mine in the emacs section of my dotfiles repo, named config.org. This file functions like any other org file, so I added a small header section at the top… because why not?

#+TITLE: My Emacs Configuration
#+AUTHOR: Ryan Himmelwright
#+EMAIL: ryan@himmelwright.net
#+OPTIONS: num:nil

After that, I broke down my file by creating org headings for the different groups of the configuration. For example, I started with the headings Repos & Core Packages, Core Setup, Evil Mode, Ivy, Writing, Development… etc.

Note: In org-mode, use “*” to create headings. Each contiguous “*” corresponds to the equivalent HTML heading level. Ex: * == <h1>, ** == <h2>, and so on.

I started transferring the emacs-lisp code from my previous .emacs file, to under each heading in config.org. As I transferred text, I transformed the comments that described each code snippet into normal org text, and wrapped the emacs-lisp inside an org code block.

To create a code block, use the #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp and #+END_SRC org tags to encapsulate the emacs-lisp code. Continue to do this until all of the desired emacs-lisp code is contained inside org code blocks.

Side Note: Easy Org Code Blocks

In org-mode, you can write <s, then hit TAB and it will expand into the BEGIN_SRC and END_SRC tags. Just don’t forget to add emacs-lisp to the BEGIN_SRC tag!

.emacs

For the contents of .emacs, call package-initialize and then have org-babel load the config.org file.

(package-initialize)
(org-babel-load-file "~/dotfiles/emacs/config.org")

That’s it. Assuming the config.org is complete, emacs should now initialize using the code snippets from it. While these are the only two required lines, do note that emacs will still write the #'custom-set-variables to the bottom of the .emacs file. That’s fine. If anything, it makes it easier to source control the actual configuration file, since emacs isn’t constantly adding to it, changing the diff.

What I like

Organized

Org mode’s hierarchical structure inherently organizes the content of files. Using it for my emacs configuration is no different. I can use org headers to easily break down my file into sections and sub-sections, which I can then expand and collapse as needed. For example, my config.org is currently over 500 lines long, but with all the headers collapsed, it displays in less than 20. From there I can just expand to the section I need.

Maintainable

Being so organized, the config.org file is very easy to maintain. If I want to edit a setting, I can just search through the headers for the section, and then edit the code block and/or text. If I want to add a new item, I can just insert a new header, add the code block I want, and maybe some explanatory text. Done. Most importantly, the structure helps prevent it from turning into an in-production “scratch code” file…

Easy to Read

It should go without saying that the organization and maintainability of org-mode configurations make them extremely readable. Not only is the source code easier to read, but org files can be exported to all sorts of outputs (HTML, LaTeX, OpenDocument, etc). Combined with a style-sheet, these outputs can look quite professional.

Beyond normal org exporting, Github does something awesome… they render org files as a known markup language on their website! This means that if you click an *.org file on Gihub’s web interface, it will display a rendered version of the content, instead of defaulting to the raw org text.

Speaking of Github…

While I have always maintained my emacs configuration in my dotfiles repo, org-babel has helped me step up my game. My current dotfile system has all of my emacs files in a separate emacs folder. On Github, each directory in a repo can contain a README file (or…. a symlink to another file…) to be displayed below the list of files.

My Maintained Config

In the emacs section of my dotfiles, I have created a symlink, README.org, to my config.org file:

sudo ln -s config.org README.org

Github recognizes this, so my README file “contains” whatever the contents of config.org are. Now, when one visits the emacs section of my dotfiles repo, an organized, annotated, and always up-to-date version of my “.emacs” file is displayed as the README.

The Github support was the cherry on top of a new emacs configuration system I am already ecstatic about. I’ve been a fan of org-mode for years, and org-babel is one more feature to add to the growing list of reasons why I love it. I highly recommend checking it out.